定制软件开发Go的Gin框架学习

安装

1、设置代理
在下载gin框架之前,定制软件开发我们还需要配置go定制软件开发公共代理镜像,定制软件开发目的是解决无法访问或定制软件开发者访问速度慢的问题,在cmd定制软件开发窗口中执行命令:

# 这里我设置成自动模式,on的模式我开启后莫名的无法执行gin代码下载go env -w GO111MODULE=auto# 设置代理go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct
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2、下载gin框架

go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
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3、创建demo项目,运行gin框架

package mainimport (	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"	"net/http")func main() {	router := gin.Default()	router.GET("/", func(context *gin.Context) {		context.String(http.StatusOK, "HelloWorld")	})	router.Run(":3333")}
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4、缺少包报错问题处理
由于网络原因,此处与google相关的包无法访问,需要单独下载

..\github.com\go-playground\universal-translator\errors.go:7:2: cannot find package "github.com/go-playground/locales" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\github.com\go-playground\locales (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\github.com\go-playground\locales (from $GOPATH)..\github.com\go-playground\validator\baked_in.go:23:2: cannot find package "github.com/leodido/go-urn" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\github.com\leodido\go-urn (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\github.com\leodido\go-urn (from $GOPATH)..\github.com\gin-gonic\gin\logger.go:14:2: cannot find package "github.com/mattn/go-isatty" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\github.com\mattn\go-isatty (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\github.com\mattn\go-isatty (from $GOPATH)..\github.com\gin-gonic\gin\binding\msgpack.go:15:2: cannot find package "github.com/ugorji/go/codec" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\github.com\ugorji\go\codec (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\github.com\ugorji\go\codec (from $GOPATH)..\github.com\go-playground\validator\baked_in.go:20:2: cannot find package "golang.org/x/crypto/sha3" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\golang.org\x\crypto\sha3 (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\golang.org\x\crypto\sha3 (from $GOPATH)..\github.com\gin-gonic\gin\gin.go:19:2: cannot find package "golang.org/x/net/http2" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\golang.org\xt\http2 (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\golang.org\xt\http2 (from $GOPATH)..\github.com\gin-gonic\gin\gin.go:20:2: cannot find package "golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\golang.org\xt\http2\h2c (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\golang.org\xt\http2\h2c (from $GOPATH)..\github.com\go-playground\validator\baked_in.go:21:2: cannot find package "golang.org/x/text/language" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\golang.org\x\text\language (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\golang.org\x\text\language (from $GOPATH)..\github.com\gin-gonic\gin\binding\protobuf.go:12:2: cannot find package "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto" in any of:	C:\Program Files\Go\src\google.golang.org\protobuf\proto (from $GOROOT)	D:\go_work\src\google.golang.org\protobuf\proto (from $GOPATH)Compilation finished with exit code 1
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1)在GOPATH目录的src目录下,新建文件夹google.golang.org,然后窗口中,切换到该目录下,执行命令:
注意不是github.com目录下,而是src目录下
D:\go_work\src\google.golang.org

git clone https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go.git
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下载完成后,将protobuf-go目录重命名为protobuf

2)由于网络原因,此处与golang.org相关的包也无法下载
在GOPATH目录的src目录下,新建文件夹golang.org,然后cmd窗口中,切换到该目录下,执行命令:
注意不是github.com目录下,而是src目录下
D:\go_work\src\golang.org

git clone https://github.com/golang/tools.git
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下载完成后,将tools目录重命名为x

3)进入x目录,继续执行命令:
D:\go_work\src\golang.org\x

git clone https://github.com/golang/crypto.git
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4)根据需要安装github.com缺失的包
1、进入D:\go_work\src\github.com\go-playground目录下

git clone https://github.com/go-playground/locales.git
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2、进入D:\go_work\src\github.com\leodido目录下

git clone https://github.com/leodido/go-urn.git
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3、进入D:\go_work\src\github.com\mattn目录下

git clone https://github.com/mattn/go-isatty.git
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4、进入D:\go_work\src\github.com\ugorji目录下
报错提示:cannot find package “github.com/ugorji/go/codec” in any of:

git clone https://github.com/ugorji/go.git
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5、进入D:\go_work\src\golang.org\x目录下,缺少net包
报错提示:cannot find package “golang.org/x/net/http2” in any of:
cannot find package “golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c” in any of:

git clone https://github.com/golang/net.git
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6、进入D:\go_work\src\golang.org\x目录下,缺少text包
报错提示:cannot find package “golang.org/x/text/language” in any of:
cannot find package “golang.org/x/text/secure/bidirule” in any of:

git clone https://github.com/golang/text.git
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成功开启服务
访问:http://127.0.0.1:3333/

简单路由的使用

gin的路由来自与httprouter库,因此httprouter具有的功能gin也具有

实战
代码:

package mainimport (	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"	"net/http")func main() {	//初始化router	router := gin.Default()	//定义路径,使用冒号:代替变量	router.GET("/user/:name/:age", func(context *gin.Context) {		//获取name值		name := context.Param("name")		age := context.Param("age")		message := name + " is " + age		//返回值		context.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s", message)	})	router.Run()}
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访问
http://127.0.0.1:8080/user/user11/18

Get请求使用

1、context.DefaultQuery 取不到值时设置默认值
2、context.Query 直接取值

代码

package mainimport (	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"	"net/http")func main() {	//初始化router	router := gin.Default()	//定义路径	router.GET("/user/", func(context *gin.Context) {		//获取name值		name := context.DefaultQuery("name","默认值")		age := context.Query("age")		message := name + " is " + age		//返回值		context.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s", message)	})	router.Run()}
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访问
http://127.0.0.1:8080/user/?name=user1&age=18

Post请求使用

常见场景
1、application/json (request中发送json数据,用post方式发送Content-type用application/json)
2、application/x-www-form-urlencode (常见的表单提交,把query_string的内容放到body体内,同样需要urlencode)
3、application/xml (http作为传输协议,xml作为编码方式远程调用规范)
4、multipart/form-data(文件传输)

代码

package mainimport (	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"	"net/http")func main() {	//初始化router	router := gin.Default()	//定义POST方法路径	router.POST("/form_post", func(context *gin.Context) {		//获取传递的值		name := context.PostForm("name")		age := context.DefaultPostForm("age","10")		//以JSON格式返回		context.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status":gin.H{"status_code":http.StatusOK,"status":"ok"},"name":name,"age":age})	})	router.Run()}
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访问与返回结果
D:\go_work\src>curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/form_post -H “application/x-www-form-urlencode” -d “name=user123&age=18”

{“age”:“18”,“name”:“user123”,“status”:{“status”:“ok”,“status_code”:200}}

文件上传使用

使用post方法,类型使用multipart/form-data

代码

package mainimport (	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"	"net/http")func main() {	//初始化router	router := gin.Default()	//定义POST方法路径	router.POST("/upload", func(context *gin.Context) {		//获取传递的值		name := context.PostForm("name") //根据name属性获取别名		file, err := context.FormFile("upload")		if err != nil {			context.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"status": gin.H{"status_code": http.StatusBadRequest, "msg": "a bad request"}})			return		}		filename := file.Filename		if err := context.SaveUploadedFile(file, filename); err != nil {			context.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"status": gin.H{"status_code": http.StatusBadRequest, "msg": "upload file err:" + err.Error()}})			return		}		//以JSON格式返回		context.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": gin.H{"status_code": http.StatusOK, "status": "ok"}, "name":name,"filename": filename})	})	router.Run()}
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访问与返回结果

多路由访问

http://localhost:8080/v1/submit
http://localhost:8080/v1/login
http://localhost:8080/v1/read

http://localhost:8080/v2/submit
http://localhost:8080/v2/login
http://localhost:8080/v2/read

v1 := router.Group(“v1”)
{
v1.Get(“/login”,方法名)
}

代码

package mainimport (	"fmt"	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin")func login(ctx *gin.Context) {	fmt.Println("this is a login method")}func main() {	//初始化router	router := gin.Default()	v1 := router.Group("v1")	{		v1.GET("/login", login)	}	v2 := router.Group("v2")	{		v2.GET("/login", login)	}	router.Run()}
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访问
http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/login
http://127.0.0.1:8080/v2/login

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