软件系统开发定制SpringCloud之Ribbon路由、负载和熔断

1、服务ribbon-ha

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>com.yzm</groupId>        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>    </parent>    <artifactId>ribbon-ha</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>ribbon-ha</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>        </dependency>        <!-- 熔断 -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>
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application.yml

server:  port: 8092spring:  application:    name: ribbon-haeureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:8088/eureka/
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软件系统开发定制注入实现请求转发

@Configurationpublic class RestTemplateConfig {    @Bean    @LoadBalanced    RestTemplate restTemplate() {        return new RestTemplate();    }}
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软件系统开发定制对外提供接口

@RestControllerpublic class HaController {    @Autowired    private HaService haService;    @Value("${server.port}")    private String port;    @GetMapping("hello")    public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {        return "ha，" + name + " ! " + "访问端口号：" + port;    }    @GetMapping("ha")    public String ha(@RequestParam String name) {        return haService.callHi(name);    }}
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@Servicepublic class HaService {    @Autowired    private RestTemplate restTemplate;    public String callHi(String name) {        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://ribbon-hi/hello?name=" + name, String.class);    }}
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2、服务ribbon-hi

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>com.yzm</groupId>        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>    </parent>    <artifactId>ribbon-hi</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>ribbon-hi</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>
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application.yml

server:  port: 8093spring:  application:    name: ribbon-hieureka:  client:    serviceUrl:      defaultZone: http://localhost:8088/eureka/
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@RestControllerpublic class HiController {    @Autowired    private HiService hiService;    @Value("${server.port}")    private String port;    @GetMapping("hello")    public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {        return "hi，" + name + " ! " + "访问端口号：" + port;    }    @GetMapping("hi")    public String hi(@RequestParam String name) {        return hiService.callHa(name);    }}
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@Servicepublic class HiService {    @Autowired    private RestTemplate restTemplate;    public String callHa(String name) {        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://ribbon-ha/hello?name=" + name, String.class);    }}
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3、路由转发

依次启动 eureka、ribbon-ha、ribbon-hi

访问
http://localhost:8092/hello?name=yzm
http://localhost:8093/hello?name=yzm


http://localhost:8092/ha?name=yzm
http://localhost:8093/hi?name=yzm


8092的ha请求被转发到8093去了
8093的hi请求被转发到8092去了

4、负载均衡

再启动一个ribbon-hi:18093服务

一直刷新访问
http://localhost:8092/ha?name=yzm

8092的请求以轮询的方式，分发给8093和18093

5、熔断降级

把8093、18093服务都关闭了
访问：http://localhost:8092/ha?name=yzm

直接显示错误信息不够友好又或者需要记录日志信息之类的，这个时候就可以进行熔断处理。

添加Hystrix依赖

        <!-- 熔断 -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>        </dependency>
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在启动类上加注解：@EnableHystrix 开启熔断降级功能

修改service

通过@HystrixCommand指定转发失败后，回调haError()方法

@Servicepublic class HaService {    @Autowired    private RestTemplate restTemplate;    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "haError")    public String callHi(String name) {        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://ribbon-hi/hello?name=" + name, String.class);    }    public String haError(String name) {        return "ha," + name + " , ribbon-hi 服务挂了!";    }}
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@Servicepublic class HiService {    @Autowired    private RestTemplate restTemplate;    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hiError")    public String callHa(String name) {        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://ribbon-ha/hello?name=" + name, String.class);    }    public String hiError(String name) {        return "hi," + name + " , ribbon-ha 服务挂了!";    }}
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重新启动8092、8093
正常访问：http://localhost:8092/ha?name=yzm
关闭8093后再次访问

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